In a recent landmark case, a Montana district court ruled that the citizens of the state have a right to a healthy and clean environment under the state’s constitution. Sixteen plaintiffs, ages 6 to 22, sued the state alleging their constitutional rights were violated by the state’s Environmental Policy Act. The Act explicitly prevented state agencies from considering greenhouse gas emissions when evaluating major infrastructure and energy projects for permitting.[1] Over the last 12 years, Our Children’s Trust, an Oregon environmental group, has filed similar lawsuits in every state.[2]
On August 14th, Judge Kathy Seely found that “Montana’s [greenhouse gas emissions] and climate change have proven to be a substantial factor in causing climate impacts to Montana’s environment and harm and injury to the Youth Plaintiffs.”[3]
The Montana constitution reads, “The state and each person shall maintain and improve a clean and healthful environment in Montana for present and future generations.”[4] It further states that, ”All persons are born free and have certain inalienable rights. They include the right to a clean and healthful environment…”[5]
Under Judge Seely’s decision, Montana will now have to consider the impact of climate change when reviewing energy projects to ensure they do not violate the constitutional mandate to maintain and improve a clean and healthy environment. It is anticipated, however, that the judge’s ruling will be appealed to the state’s Supreme Court. So, it will be some time before a final decision is rendered in this case.
Massachusetts and Pennsylvania have also recognized a constitutional right to a clean and healthy environment. Nine other states including New Mexico (H.J.R. 4/S.J.R. 6) are moving to create such a right as well.[6] Given West Virginia and Kentucky, two red states, are among those nine states, hopefully, climate change is beginning to become a critical concern across party lines.
There are active movements to consider green amendments in other red states, including Texas and Florida, where political leaders and industry are more skeptical of environmental regulation.[7] In Florida, activists are bypassing the state legislature, opting instead to collect signatures to put a green amendment ballot initiative to voters directly. There, the proposed amendment is narrowly tailored to establish the fundamental right to clean and healthy waters.[8]
In addition, there is now a coordinated national Green Amendment movement. The goal of Green Amendments For The Generations is to advance a national, state-by-state, movement and to ensure that all state and local governments across the nation honor the rights of all people to pure water, clean air, a stable climate and healthy environment in the laws they enact and the actions they take by securing the passage of enforceable environmental rights amendments in the Bill of Rights section of every state as well as in the federal constitution.[9]
The insertion of these green amendments into the fabric of numerous states’ constitutions could well be a sea change in the environmental movement to save our planet from the devastating effects of global warming. As most of us are aware, time is running out. But, the Montana court’s decision, along with the growing number of states taking action, is a very positive sign that we can still overcome climate change before it’s too late.
Bruce Berlin
A retired, public sector ethics attorney, Berlin is the author of Breaking Big Money’s Grip on America (See breakingbigmoneysgrip.com.), the founder of New Mexicans for Money Out of Politics, a former U.S. Institute of Peace fellow, and the founder and former executive director of The Trinity Forum for International Security and Conflict Resolution. He can be reached at breakingbigmoneysgrip@gmail.com.
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[1] https://grist.org/politics/a-climate-lawsuit-won-big-in-montana-what-will-it-mean-for-other-cases/
[2] https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2023/08/16/could-the-montana-youth-climate-case-help-stop-global-warming/70590652007/
[3] https://www.vox.com/climate/2023/6/12/23755678/montana-climate-change-lawsuit-young-people-coal-global-warming
[4] Ibid.
[5] https://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/Constitution/II/3.htm
[6] https://www.ncelenviro.org/articles/green-amendments-in-2023-states-continue-efforts-to-make-a-healthy-environment-a-legal-right/
[7] https://phys.org/news/2023-04-states-constitutional-environment.html
[8] https://phys.org/news/2023-04-states-constitutional-environment.html
[9] https://forthegenerations.org/about-for-the-generations/
